www.parrotgenetics.info
the
genetics
of
colour
in the
and other
budgerigar
parrots
page updated 24th July 2002
kindly hosted by birdhobbyist.com

 
What’s here
 
Hello and Welcome

Articles in these Pages

A wide ranging series of articles by me and other contributors on the biology and genetics of plumage colour and pattern in the parrots.

Other Sites of interest

A comprehensive choice of other sites dealing with various aspects of our chosen subject.

Relevant books

Avicultural books which are both informative and achieve a good level of accuracy, together with books by authors who are able to stretch our imaginations and expand our knowledge of broader genetic principles.


NEWS CLIPS
March 2002 –At least one adult Lutino Blue and Gold Macaw has previously been reported. There is now news that four young Lutino Blue and Golds have been reared in America, two of each sex, which augurs well for their future in aviculture. The manner of their breeding confirms autosomal recessive inheritance and that they are NSL Lutinos.

February 2002 – It has long been known that the yellow through to red spectrum of colours found in the plumage of parrots is not, as in most other genera, produced by carotenoid pigments. Armed with new techniques, scientists have in recent years carried out fresh research. Complete success has not yet been achieved, but it is now thought that the pigments involved belong to the group known as polyenals. Gives new meaning to the name Pretty Polly !!
[see Research Paper - PDF]

January 2002 – Further research into the role of areas of plumage in parrots which show Ultra Violet influorescence has been carried out by a team of Australian and British scientists. Using the Budgerigar as subject, it was found that the UV reflectance of the forehead and mask was a significant factor in mate choice. There is still much to be learned from such studies. [University of Queensland]

December 2001 – There are reports from Europe that Mauve Indian Ringnecks have finally been poduced; showing that the ‘European’ Darkgreens and Cobalts possess the dark gene and are directly comparable to their budgerigar counterparts bearing these names. [More]

November 2001 – A small group of French breeders is working on establishing the Golden (or Goldenback) Eastern Rosella (GMR). In single figures at present, these striking birds lose the black markings on the back and wing coverts to reveal the underlying rich yellow. [Photo]

October 2001 – In one of those sets of circumstances, apparently coincidental, that occur in aviculture from time to time, a form of Indian Ringneck having an appearance roughly mid-way berween a Blue and a Grey has occurred separately in such diverse locations as the USA, South Africa, and Australia. The American form is known as the Slate, is well established, and inherits as dominant. Expert opinion suggests the name Slaty, as applied to a similar form of the Fischer’s Lovebird, might be more appropriate.

September 2001 – A Whiteflighted (pied) form of the Peach Faced Lovebird has come to light in America. Its inheritance appears to be recessive, but a peculiarity is that so far it has only occurred in males.

August 2001 – Yet another new Indian Ringneck variety, the Grizzle (a possible Pied form,) is being worked on by a group of breeders in America.

July 2001 – Inte Onsman confirms that two new varieties of Indian Ringneck have been identified. Presently largely confined to the Netherlands, these are the sex-linked Opaline and the Misty, a dominant dilute variety.

June 2001 – There are reports from Australia of Indian Ringnecks which carry varying amounts of orange colouration. No consistent pattern is apparent and the causes are not yet clear.

June 2001 – Developments in the Peach Faced Lovebird likely to lead to a distinct ‘exhibition type’ are outlined by Dirk Van den Abeele in these pages.







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Come fly with me– to these Homepages, hosted by Clive Hesford of the UK. I hope they will appeal to all you avicultural enthusiasts who have an interest in the many colour varieties within the parrot family and the means by which their characteristics are passed down from generation to generation.

Introduction


+ + +   A GREAT NEW BOOK   + + +

A Guide to Colour Mutations and Genetics in Parrots

by Dr Terry Martin BVSc

Book coverFor the parrot colour breeder this is the most significant book to be published for many years. It is a thoroughly up-to-date, comprehensive, and lavishly illustrated review of the whole spectrum of colours now being bred across parrot species. There is something here for everyone; from simple breeding tables and plans to produce combination colours, through fully researched lists of available colours in different species, to advanced discussion of how colour is produced and the genetic interactions and relationships which may occur.

Publishers’ promotional flyer
genetics.pdf

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+ + +   NEW ARTICLES   + + +
 Latest  

Unexpected behaviour of the cinnamon allele

Terry Martin discusses the interaction between the cinnamon and ino alleles and has a surprise whilst investigating the Lacewing cockatiel. [22.11.01]

Applying a scientific basis to our
    understanding of Parrot colour morphs

Those who have been influenced by Paul Buckley’s classification system, outlined in Chapter 4 of Diseases of Cage and Aviary Birds, may care to read this article by Terry Martin analysing this system in some detail. Whilst there are profound deficiences, this system does have value in categorising mutations which alter melanin pigment deposition and distribution. [23.10.01]

Mutations of the Swift parakeet

Dirk Van den Abeele discusses the nature of two little understood colour varieties present in the Swift parakeet. [10.10.01]

The Long Feathered Peachfaced Lovebird

Another article by Dirk Van den Abeele of Belgium dispelling the myths surrounding the appearance of a larger and more brightly coloured form of the Peachfaced Lovebird. [14.6.01]

Classifying and defining Fallow
   colour morphs in Parrots

Only recently has it become apparent how many colour varieties belong in this category. Here, Terry Martin discusses these issues. [18.01.01]

The Edged Fischer’s Lovebird

My thanks to Dirk Van den Abeele of Belgium for permission to feature this article on a variety which is not yet very familiar or well understood. [7.04.01]

The Texas Clearbody

An exploration of the genetic and visual nature of this Par-ino variety; leading to the wider discussion below of this class of variety in other species: [1.01.01]

The Par-ino Varieties

An in depth look at the genetic nature of the Par-ino varieties and the Lacewing for which it is often mistaken. [1.01.01}

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“It seems sad that on the one hand such exquisite creatures should live out their lives and exhibit their charms only in these wild, inhospitable regions, doomed for ages yet to come to hopeless barbarism; while on the other hand, should civilised man ever reach these distant lands, and bring moral, intellectual, and physical light into the recesses of these virgin forests, we may be sure that he will so disturb the nicely balanced relations of organic and inorganic nature as to cause the disappearance, and finally the extinction, of those very beings whose wonderful structure and beauty he alone is fitted to appreciate and enjoy. This consideration alone must tell us that all living things were not made for man.”

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